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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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5 Select the touchdown spot.
6 Surrounds: Do the surrounding obstacles, including wires, favour an approach from a particular direction?
7 Sun: Might the sun restrict the pilot’s visibility on final
approach?
The height and airspeed at which this reconnaissance is carried out will vary. The criterion is that the student can see well enough to make a sound assessment of the approach and landing area. The height should be the maximum compatible with this aim.The reconnaissance should be flown to the student’s side, with the confined area in sight throughout.
Dummy approach (if applicable)
During initial training and at any time where the student thinks it necessary or prudent, the actual approach should be preceded by a dummy approach. This should be the same as the intended approach to follow but will terminate with an overshoot at obstacle height.
In situations where the student has not been able to see everything required during the low reconnaissance, the dummy approach can be used to accomplish this purpose and should be flown with the area off to the student’s side, to allow maximum visibility. The speed must be slow enough to allow the student to ‘fill in the blanks’and complete the reconnaissance, but it should not drop below the translational lift airspeed of approximately 15 knots.
A power check should be carried out on the overshoot. The intended departure path can also be checked at this stage for obstacles, escape routes and any low-level turbulence.
From the overshoot the student continues into the circuit. This is normally flown between 300 and 500 AGL at a slightly slower speed than normal. The size and direction will be governed by terrain, wind and open areas.
Approach
The approach angle should never be steeper than necessary. If possible, set up the sight picture of the spot over the obstacle. Explain single-angle, double-angle and vertical approaches.
The approach should be made to a hover over ground that is suitable for landing. Making an approach to hover directly above obstacles, or to a position from which it is difficult or hazardous to manoeuvre, should be avoided.

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