旋翼機飛行手冊 ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

時間：2011-04-05 11:32來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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If a tail rotor failure occurs, power has to be reduced in order to reduce main rotor torque. The techniques differ depending on whether the helicopter is in flight or in a hover, but will ultimately require an autorotation. If a complete tail rotor failure occurs while hovering, enter a hovering autorotation by rolling off the throttle. If the failure occurs in forward flight, enter a normal autorotation by lowering the collective and rolling off the throttle. If the helicopter has enough forward airspeed (close to cruising speed) when the failure occurs, and depending on the helicopter design, the vertical stabilizer may provide enough directional control to allow you to maneuver the helicopter to a more desirable landing sight. Some of the yaw may be compensated for by applying slight cyclic control opposite the direction of yaw. This helps in directional control, but also increases drag. Care must be taken not to lose too much forward airspeed because the streamlining effect diminishes as airspeed is reduced. Also, more altitude is required to accelerate to the correct airspeed if an autorotation is entered into at a low airspeed.
A mechanical control failure limits or prevents control of tail rotor thrust and is usually caused by a stuck or broken control rod or cable. While the tail rotor is still producing antitorque thrust, it cannot be controlled by the pilot. The amount of antitorque depends on the position where the controls jam or fail. Once again, the techniques differ depending on the amount of tail rotor thrust, but an autorotation is generally not required.
LANDING—STUCK LEFT PEDAL
Be sure to follow the procedures and techniques outlined in the FAA-approved rotorcraft flight manual for the helicopter you are flying. A stuck left pedal, such as might be experienced during takeoff or climb conditions, results in the helicopter’s nose yawing to the left when power is reduced. Rolling off the throttle and entering an autorotation only makes matters worse. The landing profile for a stuck left pedal is best described as a normal approach to a momentary hover at three to four feet above the surface. Following an analysis, make the landing. If the helicopter is not turning, simply lower the helicopter to the surface. If the helicopter is turning to the right, roll the throttle toward flight idle the amount necessary to stop the turn as you land. If the helicopter is beginning to turn left, you should be able to make the landing prior to the turn rate becoming excessive. However, if the turn rate becomes excessive prior to the landing, simply execute a takeoff and return for another landing.

LANDING—STUCK NEUTRAL OR RIGHT PEDAL
The landing profile for a stuck neutral or a stuck right pedal is a low power approach or descent with a running or roll-on landing. The approach profile can best be described as a steep approach with a flare at the bottom to slow the helicopter. The power should be low enough to establish a left yaw during the descent. The left yaw allows a margin of safety due to the fact that the helicopter will turn to the right when power is applied. This allows the momentary use of power at the bottom of the approach. As you apply power, the helicopter rotates to the right and becomes aligned with the landing area. At this point, roll the throttle to flight idle and make the landing. The momentary use of power helps stop the descent and allows additional time for you to level the helicopter prior to closing the throttle.

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